The 1960s were a time of an upheaval in society, fashion, and music. Popular music genres in the 60s included the British Invasion, Motown/R&B, Surf Rock, Psychedelic Rock, Roots Rock, Hard Rock, Folk Rock, Protest Music, and Acapella. An artist that started making music in the 1960s was David Bowie. He came out with his first album in 1967 titled David Bowie and it’s content resembled the type of music that later made him famous (folk rock and glam). David Bowie is one of the greatest influential musicians of the twentieth century. He has been called the musical chameleon because he can adapt to new music styles. He didn’t become well known until the seventies with his Ziggy Stardust persona. His first couple of albums were failures until he came out with The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars. He captured the eyes of many young teenagers in England. He had a colorful fashion sense during the time, going along with the “glam rock” trend. Many teenagers liked him because they could relate to feeling like outsiders such as the alien Ziggy Stardust. Bowie broke out into his rockstar image in the 1970s due to his alter ego persona of Ziggy Stardust which appealed to teenagers and popularized the glam rock movement. David Bowie’s alter ego, Ziggy Stardust is what led him to fame.

David Bowie’s albums before The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust did not reach fame. His debut album, David Bowie released June 1967 was a commercial failure and Bowie did not release another album until Space Oddity two years later. The song Space Oddity hit number 5 in the UK but the rest of the album had also been a failure like his first album. The Man Who Sold the World was Bowie’s third studio album which was released November 1970 and his fourth album Hunky Dory was released in the summer of 1971. His longtime drummer Woody Woodmansey says “he was going through a trial and error period, and there was a lot of error.” (Jones). All of these albums were considered to be commercial failures. Bowie was experimenting with his music and was searching for his musical identity.

    The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars was Bowie’s fifth album and was released in 1972. Ziggy Stardust was a persona adopted by David Bowie in the early 1970s. He was a big influence on the glam rock scene. Glam rock was created in the United Kingdom in the early 1970s. Singers and musicians would perform in outrageous clothes, makeup, and hairstyles. When David came out with The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars, glam rock was mainstream so it was released at a good time. Hewitt, author of Album by Album explains, “He presented himself as an outsider, an alien in society. By doing so he tapped straight into teenage life and its own sense of alienation. The new generation finally had a saviour. The young do not run into the arms of an uncaring individual. They run to a performer because they think he has something they need, answers usually.” (Hewitt). Not only was he a big influence on the glam rock scene, he was also inspiring to the lost teenagers who needed someone to look up to. Teenagers thought that he knew about their role in society and how they are misunderstood and people, usually adults, don’t take them seriously. They could relate to Ziggy, feeling like an “outsider” in society.

David Bowie was dedicated to being Ziggy Stardust. It was as if he left David behind and became the alien Ziggy Stardust. Hewitt quotes Bowie, “I became Ziggy Stardust. David Bowie went totally out the window. Everybody was convincing me that I was a messiah...I got hopelessly lost in the fantasy.” - David Bowie, 1976. (Hewitt). David Bowie wasn’t just David Bowie anymore, he was completely convinced that he was Ziggy Stardust. Everyone looked up to him, especially the younger crowd. He couldn’t let them down and was sucked into the fantasy of the life of Ziggy Stardust.

Not only was the look/fashion sense from Ziggy Stardust something new to many people, but the sound of The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars. No one heard anything like it at the time. Hewitt explains “Bowie’s vocals on Ziggy are warm and enticing, conspiratorial. On ‘Starman’ he sings as if letting us in on a great secret. On It Ain’t Easy’ he is otherworldly, yet strangely sexual. On ‘Five Years’ you can hear the tinge of distress behind the apocalyptic scenes he describes.” (Hewitt). When listening to The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars, people felt as if Ziggy Stardust was telling a secret to the world. His music was out of this world. The tone of the music goes with the message especially at the end of the album on the song ‘Five Years’ when he is singing about the end of the world. It is chaotic and you can visualize in your head what is going on.  

David had a special but toxic relationship with Ziggy Stardust. He became sucked into the character and it was hard to come out of. West quotes Bowie, “My whole personality was affected. Again I brought that upon myself. I can't say I'm sorry when I look back, because it provoked such an extraordinary set of circumstances in my life. I thought I might as well take Ziggy to interviews as well. Why leave him on stage? Looking back it was completely absurd. It became very dangerous. I really did have doubts about my sanity. I can't deny that the experience affected me in a very exaggerated and marked manner. I think I put myself very dangerously near the line. Not in physical sense but definitively in mental sense. I played mental games with myself to such an extend that I'm very relieved and happy to be back in Europe and feeling very well. But, then, you see I was always the lucky one." - Bowie (1977) (West). David Bowie was scared of how deep into the persona he had got in. His personality was deeply affected by Ziggy. At first he would only play as Ziggy Stardust on stage at live concerts but then he thought he might as well be him in interviews too. He thought he was going crazy with the persona. Ziggy Stardust was affecting his mental stability. He put himself in a dangerous position with Ziggy but put it all upon himself. He was glad to give up the persona and be David Bowie again. He thinks that he is lucky for doing so. He could have easily been destroyed by the Ziggy Stardust persona.

What attracted people to the album was that it told the story of the life of Ziggy Stardust with his band during his time on Earth. West quotes Muze, "He created the most original rock creation since the music's inception 20 years before. As an album, The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars told the story of rock through the eyes of Ziggy, an alien - with a narrative that was equally sensational and intimate. Combining skills as a mime artist and top-rate vocal dramatist, Bowie created Ziggy, the bisexual space man, who sang "songs of darkness and disgrace." - Muze, 1995 (West).  The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars was an original rock album because it told the story of a bisexual alien rockstar who is attempting to present humanity with a message of hope for Earth’s last five years of existence. The songs were dark but intriguing. Ziggy had an ultimate message of peace and love but he is destroyed both by his excessive intake of drugs and sex, and by the fans that he inspired.

Many will never forget about the iconic alien rockstar Ziggy Stardust. No one had seen anything like him at the time. They didn’t even hear anything like his music either. Without all the amazing factors that David Bowie gave to the music world with his alter ego persona, Ziggy Stardust, he would not be known as the famous British artist he is today. His early albums were commercial failures. When The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars came out, David Bowie had finally received the fame and credit he deserved. It is still to this day considered to be one of the greatest rock albums of all time. While Ziggy Stardust would live in fame as Bowie’s greatest on-stage persona, he put him to rest thirteen months after the release of The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars.

Works Cited

Hewitt, Paolo. Bowie: Album by Album. Insight Editions, August 13, 2013.

Jones, Josh. The Story of Ziggy Stardust: How David Bowie Created the Character that Made Him Famous. Open Culture. September 7, 2012

West, K. The Ziggy Stardust Companion. 5 Years. February 3, 2007